Yüksek frekans akım transformatörsüz elektrocerrahi jeneratörü tasarımı ve gerçeklemesi

x, 32 sayfa29 cm. 1 CDÖZETBu tezde yüksek frekans akım (YFA) transformatörü kullanılmayan elektrocerrahi jeneratör (ECJ) tasarımı ve gerçeklemesi yapılmıştır. ECJ’ler cerrahi operasyonlarda dokuların kesilmesi ve koterizasyonu işlemleri için kullanılırlar. Mevcut ECJ’lerde YFA katında kullanılan radyo frekans (RF) transformatörü ile yüksek frekans anahtarlaması yaparak çıkış gücü düzenlemesi yaparlar. Ancak, yüksek frekansla anahtarlama RF transformatörü çıkışında zıt elektromotor kuvveti etkileri ile oluşan yüksek genlikli ani gerilim değerlerine ve elektrocerrahi kesim kipi işleminde cihaz ucunda alev uzamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu da cerrahi operasyonlarda istenilmeyen yanık veya doku hasarına neden olabilir. Bu tezde, YFA transformatörü kullanılmadan yüksek gerilimli doğru akım devresi ve anahtarlaması ile çalışan yeni bir ECJ cihazı tasarımı ve gerçeklemesi yapılmıştır.ABSTRACTThe electrosurgical generators (ECJ) are used for cutting and cauterization of tissues in surgical operations. Available ECJs make high frequency switching to regulate the output power with the radio frequency (RF) transformer used in the high-frequency current (HFC) stage. However, this high-frequency switching causes not only high amplitude instantaneous voltage values owing to the effects of opposite electromotive force at the RF transformer output, but also flame elongation at the end of the device in electrosurgical cutting mode. These unwanted results may cause undesirable burns or tissue damage in surgical operations. In this thesis, a new ECJ device has been designed without using an HFC transformer via the developed high voltage direct current circuit. The developed ECJ has been implemented without RF transformer as the monopolar type ve the required direct current source design has been designed for HFC

Kızıl geyiklerde (cervus elaphus) elaphostrongylus cervi (cameron, 1931): Türkiye’de i̇lk kayıt

This study was carried out to determine the presence of Elaphostrongylus cervi infection found in Red deer at Eskişehir Catacık Red Deer Production Station between June-July 2020. Based on the red deer traces and signs in the study area, 32 fresh faeces of animals were collected from the places where the faeces density was found. Stool samples were examined for cestode rings macroscopically, and microscopically by sedimentation, saturated salt flotation, and Baermann Wetzel methods. Larvae were found in all the collected faeces. The larvae obtained by the Baerman technique were identified at the species level using the relevant literature. E. cervi identified in red deer with this study is the first record in our country. Thus, it will provide valuable data for the red deer in Turkey.Bu çalışma Haziran-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında Eskişehir Çatacık Kızıl Geyik Üretim İstasyonu’ndaki Kızıl geyiklerde bulunan Elaphostrongylus cervi enfeksiyonunun varlığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanında bulunan Kızıl geyik iz ve belirtilerinden hareket edilerek dışkı yoğunluğunun bulunduğu yerlerden hayvanlara ait 32 taze dışkı toplanmıştır. Dışkı örnekleri cestod halkaları yönünden makroskobik olarak, sedimentasyon, doymuş tuzlu su flotasyon ve Baermann Wetzel yöntemleri ile mikroskobik olarak incelenmiştir. Toplanan dışkıların hepsinde larvalara rastlanmıştır. Baerman tekniği ile elde edilen larvalar ilgili literatürlerden faydalanılarak tür düzeyinde teşhis edilmiştir. Yürütülen bu çalışmayla Kızıl geyiklerde teşhis edilen E. cervi ülkemizde ilk kayıttır. Bu sebeple Türkiye’de Kızıl Geyikler için değerli bir veri oluşturacaktır

Application of vascular endothelial growth factor at different phases of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion: what are its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and telomerase activity?

Background. Intestinal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a great challenge in clinical practice, with high morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), asasignal protein, contributes tovasculogenesis and angiogenesis.Objectives. To evaluate the local effectiveness of VEGF following intestinal IRI and its relation with application time.Material and methods. Thirty Wistar albino rats were allocated to5 groups and underwent laparotomy. Thesuperior mesenteric arteries (SMA) were dissected in4 groups, while thecontrol group (GrC) underwent aresection ofsmall and large intestines. The VEGF group (Gr V) received VEGF following SMA dissection, with no further intervention, and theremaining 3 groups were subjected toischemia for 90min through occlusion ofSMA and reperfusion for 4h. Ischemic reperfusion group (Gr I/R) received no additional medication, while theremaining 2 groups received VEGF just before ischemia (Gr V+I/R) and during reperfusion (Gr I/R+V).Results. Both applications of VEGF caused decreases inplasma levels of interleukin6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF-?), intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyl levels, and increases inintestinal total glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Telomerase activity, which disappeared for Gr I/R, was found to be elevated following both treatment groups. Similarly, the histopathological scores were found better for both treatment groups, but Gr V-I/R represented best outcomes.Conclusions. The findings of our study revealed that VEGF, applied either before ischemia or during reperfusion, iseffective onlocal damage following intestinal IRI. Byinterpreting thebiochemical analysis and histopathological findings, we conclude either treatment option to be considered according to the reason of intestinal IRI

Investigation of enterobius vermicularis contamination in parks and public transportation vehicles in Eskişehir

Bu çalışmada Eskişehir il merkezinde hizmet veren çeşitli toplu taşıma araçları ile parklarda Enterobius vermicularis’in yaygınlığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma için Eskişehir il merkezinde bulunan 7 toplu taşıma aracı ile 6 park seçilmiştir. Teşhis selofan bant yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çocuk parkları ve genel parklardan toplam 192 örnek, toplu taşıma araçlarından toplam 138 örnek toplanmıştır. Parklardan alınan örneklerin %4,1’inde; toplu taşıma araçlarından alınan örneklerin %0,8’inde E. vermicularis yumurtasına rastlanmıştır. E. vermicularis enfeksiyonunda park ve toplu taşıma araçlarının etkili olabileceği gözlenmiştir. Halk sağlığı hizmetleri, çevresel ve kişisel hijyen konusundaki eksikliklerin belirlenerek önlemlerin alınmasının gerekliliği belirlenmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of E. vermicularis in various public transportation vehicles and parks in the city center of Eskişehir. For the study, 7 public transportation vehicles and 6 parks were selected in the city center of Eskişehir. Diagnosis was made using cellophane tape method. A total of 192 samples were collected from children's parks and public parks, and 138 samples from public transportation vehicles. In 4.1% of the samples taken from the parks; E. vermicularis egg was found in 0.8% of the samples taken from public transportation vehicles. It has been observed that park and public transportation vehicles can be effective in E. vermicularis infection. It was identified that deficiencies in public health services, environmental and personal hygiene were identified and necessary measures were taken

Expanding the clinical and immunological phenotypes of PAX1-deficient SCID and CID patients

Paired box 1 (PAX1) deficiency has been reported in a small number of patients diagnosed with otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OFCS2). We described six new patients who demonstrated variable clinical penetrance. Reduced transcriptional activity of pathogenic variants confirmed partial or complete PAX1 deficiency. Thymic aplasia and hypoplasia were associated with impaired T cell immunity. Corrective treatment was required in 4/6 patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation resulted in poor immune reconstitution with absent naïve T cells, contrasting with the superior recovery of T cell immunity after thymus transplantation. Normal ex vivo differentiation of PAX1-deficient CD34+ cells into mature T cells demonstrated the absence of a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic defect. New overlapping features with DiGeorge syndrome included primary hypoparathyroidism (n = 5) and congenital heart defects (n = 2), in line with PAX1 expression during early embryogenesis. Our results highlight new features of PAX1 deficiency, which are relevant to improving early diagnosis and identifying patients requiring corrective treatment

Kara delik çiftlerinin birleşme anı ve gravitasyonel dalgaların modellenmesi

Bu tez kapsamında kara delik çiftlerinin oluşturduğu gravitasyonel dalgalar incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında çift sistem durumunda oluşacak gravitasyonel dalga genliği Einstein alan denklemleri çözülerek elde edilmiştir. Çift kara delik sistemlerinin farklı yörünge ve kütle oranı özelliklerine göre oluşturacağı gravitasyonel dalga modelleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Birleşme anlarına ilişkin durumlar tartışılmıştır.In this thesis, gravitational waves that are produced by double black holes have been investigated. The amplitude of gravitational waves in case of a binary system has been determined by using the Einstein field equations. Gravitational wave modells of double black hole binaries that have different orbital parameters and mass ratio rates have been compared. The merging processes of them have been also discussed